Investigating the associations of early numeracy activities and skills with mathematics dispositions, engagement, and achievement among fourth graders in the United Arab Emirates

Abstract The present study aimed to examine the relations of early numeracy activities and skills mathematics dispositions, engagement, achievement among 26,859 fourth graders in United Arab Emirates who took part sixth cycle Trends International Mathematics Science Study (TIMSS) 2015. also explored mediating effects dispositions engagement on between these graders. Results path analyses, after controlling for participants’ demographic socioeconomic characteristics, indicated that were significantly positively related achievement. Further, results mediational analyses suggested confidence had a significant effect findings highlight crucial role play enhancing graders’ Emirates.